傳統(tǒng)體育的繼承與發(fā)揚(yáng)
在近代時(shí)期，西方體育傳入中國以后，中國傳統(tǒng)的體育除了少數(shù)項(xiàng)目失傳以外，多數(shù)都被繼承和流傳下來，諸如武術(shù)、導(dǎo)引術(shù)、棋類活動(dòng)、摔跤、龍舟、馬球等。它們與西方體育傳來的體育項(xiàng)目及競(jìng)賽方法相互融合，彼此吸收，構(gòu)成了中國近代體育的特點(diǎn)。
The Development of Traditional Sports
Following the introduction of Western physical culture into China, most of its traditional sports were kept alive during the Modern Period. Among these were the martial art of wushu, daoyin exercises, various chess games, wresting, the dragon-boat rowing and polo. They developed in combination with the imported sports and with reference to their methods of competition, thus forming a physical culture in which the old met the new and the East met the West.
著名武術(shù)家霍元甲（1857——1910）為實(shí)現(xiàn)“欲使國強(qiáng)，非從文尚武不可”的主張，1910年在上海創(chuàng)辦的中國第一所武術(shù)學(xué)校——精武學(xué)堂，后來發(fā)展為精武體育會(huì)。這是霍元甲和他當(dāng)年練功用過的石鎖、七節(jié)鞭。
Huo Yuanjia (1857-1910) and the apparatus he used in wushu training—a seven-section whip and a stone padlock for weighlifting. An advocate of martial arts as a means to make the nation strong, he founded the Jingwu Academy in Shanghai—the first of its kind in China—which developed into a sports association.
精武體育會(huì)以“從文尚武”為主旨，積極普及和提高武術(shù)。圖為1916年該會(huì)派教師在上海中華鐵路學(xué)校傳授武術(shù)的情景。
Wushu masters were sent by Jingwu Academy to teach at many schools, including Zhonghua Railway School in Shanghai (Photo taken in 1916).
1927年，由著名武術(shù)家張之江（左圖）（1882-1969）發(fā)起，并正式組建的中央國術(shù)館，是官方武術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)。這是1928年10月，中央國術(shù)館舉辦的第一次國術(shù)（武術(shù)）考試開幕式的合影。
Zhang Zhijiang(1882-1969,left picture),founder of the Central Wushu Academy,which organized the first wushu contest in October 1928,Picture above shows the opening ceremony.
體育愛好者潘德明于1930年6月至1937年6月，采取徒步和騎自行車的方式環(huán)游世界，歷經(jīng)7載，途經(jīng)40多個(gè)國家和地區(qū)。
Pan Deming traveled around the world on foot and bike in seven years from June 1930 to June 1937.
象棋，是中國古老的傳統(tǒng)體育項(xiàng)目，歷代相傳。圖為清末北京的二位棋手正在對(duì)弈。
The Chinese-style chess of xiangqi has enjoyed undecayed popularity from generation to generation.
馬球頗受官兵們的喜愛。圖為1935年在上海舉行的第六屆全國運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)上表演馬球。
As a favorite sport in the army, polo aroused great interest at the Sixth National Games held in Shanghai in 1935.
1935年在上海舉行的全國第六屆運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)上的蒙古式摔跤場(chǎng)面。
Mongolian-style wrestling as demonstrated at the Sixth National Games held in Shanghai in 1935.