西方體育的傳入
自1840年鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)以后，西方近代體育思想、體育項(xiàng)目和競(jìng)賽等內(nèi)容傳入中國，隨之在中國的大城市、軍隊(duì)和學(xué)校中，開始了各種體育項(xiàng)目的競(jìng)賽活動(dòng)，全國、大區(qū)、各省等舉辦各級(jí)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)，到1948年先后舉行了7次全國運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。中國近代體育開始與國際體育活動(dòng)接軌，先后參加了10屆遠(yuǎn)東運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)和3屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)。
The Import of Western Sports
Following the Opium War in 1840, the western physical culture and sports found theirway to China through the major cities. Athletic competitions were held by troops and schools at the national, regional, provincial and municipal levels, notably the seven editions of the National Games up to the end of 1948. Modern sporting activities were carried out on an international scale. China was represented ten times at the Far Eastern Championship Games and three times at the Olympic Games during the Modern Period.
自號(hào)鑒湖女俠的民主主義革命家秋瑾(1879-1907)，1907年1月，大通學(xué)堂公推她為督辦。同時(shí)，她還主持了紹興體育會(huì)的工作。
Qiu Jin(1879-1907)was in charge of the sports association of Shaoxing,Zhejiang Province before she laid down her life for the cause of democratic revolution.
上海圣約翰書院是1879年成立的教會(huì)學(xué)校，于1890年舉行了我國最早的學(xué)校運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。
China’s first intramural athletic meet was held in 1890 at a missionary school founded by St John’s Academy in Shanghai in 1879.
我國早期體育教育家徐一冰（1881—1922）,致力于中國體操學(xué)校的創(chuàng)立，提倡國民體育，體育著作甚多。
Xu Yibing(1881-1922),a well-known educationist and founder of the China Gymnastics School.
自1913年到1934年，我國共參加了十屆遠(yuǎn)東運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)，中國足球獲得九屆冠軍。著名運(yùn)動(dòng)員李惠堂被譽(yù)為“亞洲最佳球員”。圖為李惠堂和他的《足球世界》的題詞。
China was represented ten times at the Far Eastern Championship Games (FECG)from 1913 to 1934, winning the football event nine times. Picture shows Li Huitang, the Best Football Player in Asia.
1930年在東京舉行的第9屆遠(yuǎn)東運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)上，我國排球隊(duì)獲得冠軍。圖為中菲男排之戰(zhàn)，我隊(duì)員躍起扣球的情景。
The Chinese team defeated the Philippines team for the championship in the volleyball final at the 9th Far East Championship Games in Tokyo in 1930. Pictured is a Chinese player jumpingup for a smash.
20年代，中國最早赴美國春田大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的體育�？频牧魧W(xué)生。左起：許民輝、高錫威、董守義。他們回國后，為中國體育事業(yè)的發(fā)展做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。
The first group of Chinese students majoring in physical education at Springfield College in the United States in the 1920’s.L-R:Xu Minhui, Gao Xiwei and Dong Shouyi.
陸禮華（1899——）（前排中）系中國體操學(xué)校的畢業(yè)生，她1922年創(chuàng)辦了上海兩江女子體育學(xué)校。圖為1935年她率領(lǐng)該�；@球隊(duì)訪問南洋時(shí)的合影。
After her graduation from China Gymnastics School, Lu Lihua (1899-1997) established a sports school for women in Shanghai in 1922. Picture shows her with her school’s basketball team on its tour to Southeast Asia in 1935.
近代學(xué)校體育課即接受了西方體育項(xiàng)目，又保留了中國傳統(tǒng)體育的內(nèi)容。民國初期，上海市廣東小學(xué)7-15歲學(xué)生的體育課就有武術(shù)的傳授與操練。
In school physical education, both modern Western and traditional Chinese sports were taught, with the latter in the form of wushu lessons, as were given at this primary school in Shanghai in the 1910’s.
1936年在柏林舉行的第十一屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)上，中法籃球隊(duì)在進(jìn)行比賽。
A basketball game between China and France at the 11th Olympic Games.
1936年在柏林舉行的第十一屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)上，中英足球?qū)尽D為中國隊(duì)正在攻球。
China (on the offensive) vs England at the 11th Olympic Games.
我國撐桿跳高名將符保盧，1936年在柏林舉行的第十一屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)上，成為唯一獲得決賽資格的中國運(yùn)動(dòng)員。
Fu Baolu, the only Chinese to advance to the finals at the 11th Olympic Games.
1949年以前被選為國際奧委會(huì)委員的3位中國人。左起：王正廷、孔祥熙、董守義。
The three Chinese IOC members in the first half of this century:(L-R)Wang Zhengting,Kong Xiangxi and Dong Shouyi.
被譽(yù)為“短跑怪杰”的劉長(zhǎng)春是我國第一位參加奧運(yùn)會(huì)的運(yùn)動(dòng)員。其100米成績(jī)?yōu)?0秒7.這一紀(jì)錄，他在國內(nèi)保持了25年之久。圖為劉長(zhǎng)春在1935年第6屆全國運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)上。
Liu Changchun,holder of the national 100m record of 10.7 sec for 25 year,took part in the 1932 Olympic Games as the first Chinese Olympian,Here he is shown at the Sixth National Game in 1935.
臺(tái)灣運(yùn)動(dòng)員張瑞妍在1948年上海舉行的第七屆全國運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)上，獲女子標(biāo)槍第一名。
Zhang Ruiyan from Taiwan Province, winner of the women’s javelin at the Seventh National Games held in Shanghai in 1948.